
The state promotes surveillance technology and practices abroad through diplomatic exchanges, law enforcement cooperation, and training programs. Accordingly, the tech firms that support state cyber capabilities range from small cyber research start-ups to leading global tech enterprises. These developments also foster further collaboration between state security actors and private tech firms. For the Chinese government, investment in surveillance technologies advances both its ambitions of becoming a global technology leader as well as its means of domestic social control.


This paper seeks to offer insights into how China’s domestic surveillance market and cyber capability ecosystem operate, especially given the limited number of systematic studies that have analyzed its industry objectives.
